![]() ![]() Indeed, pre-vaccination predictors of antibody response to specific vaccines such as influenza, yellow fever and hepatitis B vaccines have been identified 6, 7, 8, 9, as well as pre-vaccination predictive signatures spanning both influenza and yellow fever vaccines 10. Human immune responses are also shaped by the environment, including previous pathogenic perturbation of the immune system. Vaccine efficacy often varies in the population and can depend on age 1, sex 2, ethnicity 3 and genetics 4, 5. Prophylactic vaccination is a cost-effective strategy to prevent or reduce the effect of viral and bacterial infections. These results demonstrate that wide variations in the transcriptional state of the immune system in humans can be a key determinant of responsiveness to vaccination. This pro-inflammatory pre-vaccination endotype showed gene expression characteristic of the innate activation state triggered by Toll-like receptor ligands or adjuvants. Importantly, individuals whose pre-vaccination endotype was enriched in pro-inflammatory response genes known to be downstream of nuclear factor-kappa B showed significantly higher serum antibody responses 1 month after vaccination. Analysis of blood transcriptional profiles across studies revealed three distinct pre-vaccination endotypes, characterized by the differential expression of genes associated with a pro-inflammatory response, cell proliferation, and metabolism alterations. Here, we sought to identify a common pre-vaccination signature and mechanisms that could predict the immune response across 13 different vaccines. ![]() However, the generalizability and mechanisms that underlie this association remain poorly defined. Several studies have shown that the pre-vaccination immune state is associated with the antibody response to vaccination. Nature Immunology volume 23, pages 1777–1787 ( 2022) Cite this article The Human Immunology Project Consortium (HIPC),.Pan-vaccine analysis reveals innate immune endotypes predictive of antibody responses to vaccination ![]()
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